European Statistics Handbook 2025

Five key findings of the European Statistics Handbook 2025:

1. Difficult economic situation for consumers: Despite wage rises in 2024, the economic situation remains difficult for many consumers in Europe. Prices, in particular for fruit and vegetables, have continued to rise, making an above-average contribution to the higher cost of living. However, purchase volumes are not in decline. Sustainability, organic and local produce have as yet not been impacted by the economic situation.

2. Weather extremes are impacting the industry: 2024 once again saw many extreme weather events which severely impacted the production and transport of goods. Freezing nighttime temperatures, heavy rainfall and flooding, particularly in Central Europe and Valencia, and the rising spread of new pests posed major challenges for farmers.

3. Lower operating costs, but continuing cost pressure: Following cost increases in previous years, fertiliser prices fell in 2024. At the same time however, spending on machinery, maintenance and wages increased. Labour availability remains a key problem. The price index for operating costs fell by 9 points, without any positive impact on the income situation of many farms, however.

4. Geo-political conflicts are influencing the sector: The conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza and the results of the European elections in 2024 have strongly influenced the political climate. The debate surrounding bureaucratic requirements and cuts in subsidies led to protests, which at times blocked transport routes. Nevertheless, topics such as climate action and sustainability are gaining traction with EU agricultural policymakers.

5. Mixed results in fruit and vegetable production: While fruit production fell slightly, particularly of apples, vegetable yields remained stable and in some cases (onions and peppers) even increased. The effects of frost and flooding however highlighted the vulnerability of production to such events.